Armenians and the International System: Seeking a Solution

• Armenians in 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War (The ’93 War)

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Davut Hut

  The 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War, named as The ‘93 War in Turkish history, is considered as the turning point in the emergence of the “Armenian Problem” and its gaining an international dimension (Küçük, 1986, p.1). For this reason, it is very important to emphasize their roles in this war and its effects for the Armenian problem…

• The Armenian Problem Becoming an International Problem With the Treaties of Berlin and San Stefano

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Yüksel Çelik

  The Treaty of San Stefano and Armenians’ Forming a Basis for Their Political Demands The 1877-78 Ottoman-Russian War (’93 War), which took place in the last quarter of the 19th century and caused many political, economic, and social traumas for the Ottoman Empire, is also an important turning point in terms of the Armenian Problem…

• The Armenian Problem or Anatolian Reform Within the Framework of Foreign Intervention, Uprisings and Guerilla Activities

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Yüksel Çelik

  The ’93 War and the San Stefano and Berlin Treaties, signed at the end of it, played a great part in the Armenian problem, or Anatolian Reform as the Sublime Porte prefers to call it due to diplomatic sensitivity, becoming an international diplomatic problem. The autonomy and independence struggles of other nations constituting the Ottoman…

• Foundations of the Hamidiye Light Cavalry Troops

  Prof. Dr. Vahdettin Engin

  While carrying out the project of the Hamidiye troops, Abdulhamid II thought of connecting the tribes to the state and using them as the power preventing the regional riots. The developments taking place for a while also played a role in the foundation of Abdulhamid’s desire for putting such a project into practice. If we…

• Eastern Anatolia Reform and the Treaty of Yenikoy

  Dr. Zekeriya Türkmen

  The Ottoman Empire, driven to the brink of political, economic, and social dissolution after the Balkan War, was pushed into a very difficult period because of the Armenian problem, which was brought to the agenda again by European political groups in 1913. The sympathy felt for the Armenian society in Europe gave opportunity for a…

• Labor Battalions in the First World War

  It was generally Muslims who would take part in military service in the Ottoman Empire. The issue of military service of non-Muslims came to the agenda with the edict of Tanzimat. Just like there were non-Muslim Ottoman citizens who welcomed this situation with content, there were some groups reacting to this as well. Especially Armenian…

• The Role of Germany in the Development of the Armenian Question in the Period Before the First World War

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Barış Özdal

  The Turkish-Armenian relations, which started with the raids organized by the Seljuks into Eastern Anatolia at the beginning of the 11th century, developed after the founding of the Ottoman State such that Armenians were called “Millet-i Sadiqah,” i.e. the Loyal Nation, and these relations continued without any problems from the 14th century until the beginning…

• Armenians in the Treaty of Sèvres

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Ali Satan

  The Sèvres Peace Agreement is the agreement that has had the most negative associations in Turkish history. The Ottoman State lost the First World War and then agreed to a ceasefire with the Armistice of Mudros, and immediately after that, a search started for a peace agreement. However, the Ottoman State saw that the armistice…

• The Approach of Germany Towards the Armenian Question During the First World War

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Barış Özdal

  As it is known, Germany became an active party to the Eastern Question, especially with its “Weltpolitik,” after ensuring its national unity on 18 January 1871[1]. During the Bismarck period, Germany did not actively support the Great Powers even though it did not pursue a policy aimed at obstructing the wishes of the Great Powers…

• Armenians in Lausanne Peace Treaty

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Ali Satan

  The military victory of the Turkish Independence War came to a conclusion with the Mudania Armistice on 11 October 1922. The point in question after this was the construction of permanent peace with a diplomatic struggle. There was no article about Armenians in the Mudania Armistice. The first article of decisions of the 14 articles…

• The 1905 Baku Incidents

  Prof. Dr. Nesrin Sarıahmetoğlu

  The forced relocation of the Armenians to Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 20th century caused the balance in the region to change completely. With the implementation of the “Great Armenia” plan, many events occurred in the Caucasus. The scale of the events increased in 1905-1906 and they did not remain just in Baku, but…

• Russian Practices for Armenians in the Revolution Period

  Prof. Dr. Enis Şahin

  Taking place in February and October of the Julian calendar and March and November of the Gregorian calendar in 1917, the Russian Revolutions also caused important developments in Turkey and Caucasia as they were in the close distance. It was natural for Caucasia to be actually the region most worn off as it was an…

• The Analysis of Armenia’s Relations With Regional Countries from the First World War to Today Through Parameters Such as History, Economy, and Population

  Prof. Dr. Şakir Batmaz

  With the First World War and the period after it, the almost one thousand year old co-existence of Turks and Armenians came to an end to a large extent. The processes of minority nations gaining their independence, which the 1889 French Revolution and after-revolution France tried to create through the Napoleonic Wars, are called as…

• Turkey-Armenia Relations After 2000

  Asst. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Serdar Palabıyık

  Ending of the Cold War made the Caucasus one of the three important regions of crisis, together with the Balkans and the Middle East. The 1990s can be mentioned as a period of conflict and tension for the countries of the Caucasus in general, and Turkey and Armenia in particular. In the 1990s, Turkey mostly…

• Analysis of the Armenian Problem Through Turkey-Europe Progress Reports

  The “Armenian Problem” or “Armenian Claims about the 1915 Events” has a place as an important phenomenon not 1987 onwards, unlike widely known, but since 1 December 1964 which was the legal beginning of the relations of Turkey with the European Communities (EC) and therefore with European Union (EU). Following the ‘joint membership’ application to…

• The Armenian Problem in Turkey-European Union Relations

  Ass. Prof. Dr. Barış Özdal

  The“Armenian Problem” or the “Armenian Claims about 1915 Events” has a place as an important phenomenon not since 1987 onwards, unlike is widely known by the public opinion, but since 1 December 1964 which was the legal beginning of the relations of Turkey with the European Communities (EC) and therefore with European Union (EU) [1]….

• The Effects of the European Parliament’s Decisions on Turkey-European Union Relations

  In this study, the decisions of the European Parliament (EP) after 1987 have been analyzed[1]. The main reason why only the EP has been analyzed is that the subject which brought the Armenian Problem to be used and used as an intervention device against Turkey onto the agenda in EU/EC organs as a result of…